Automated Valet Parking Architectures: Commercial Real-World Deployments Under ISO 23374

Transitioning from experimental laboratory demos to commercial driverless airport and mall parking garages.

AVP Type 1 vs AVP Type 2 Cost Analysis

AVP Type 2 infrastructure-led systems reduce on-vehicle hardware costs by $3,200 per car by centralizing perception sensors in garage ceilings.

Safety Verification with Pedestrian Dummy Tests

Over 5,000 blind corner pedestrian emergence tests proved that facility camera grids brake driverless cars 1.2 meters before obstacle contact.

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